Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
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National update on measles cases and outbreaks - United States, January 1-October 1, 2019
Patel M , Lee AD , Clemmons NS , Redd SB , Poser S , Blog D , Zucker JR , Leung J , Link-Gelles R , Pham H , Arciuolo RJ , Rausch-Phung E , Bankamp B , Rota PA , Weinbaum CM , Gastanaduy PA . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2019 68 (40) 893-896 During January 1-October 1, 2019, a total of 1,249 measles cases and 22 measles outbreaks were reported in the United States. This represents the most U.S. cases reported in a single year since 1992 (1), and the second highest number of reported outbreaks annually since measles was declared eliminated* in the United States in 2000 (2). Measles is an acute febrile rash illness with an attack rate of approximately 90% in susceptible household contacts (3). Domestic outbreaks can occur when travelers contract measles outside the United States and subsequently transmit infection to unvaccinated persons they expose in the United States. Among the 1,249 measles cases reported in 2019, 1,163 (93%) were associated with the 22 outbreaks, 1,107 (89%) were in patients who were unvaccinated or had an unknown vaccination status, and 119 (10%) measles patients were hospitalized. Closely related outbreaks in New York City (NYC) and New York State (NYS; excluding NYC), with ongoing transmission for nearly 1 year in large and close-knit Orthodox Jewish communities, accounted for 934 (75%) cases during 2019 and threatened the elimination status of measles in the United States. Robust responses in NYC and NYS were effective in controlling transmission before the 1-year mark; however, continued vigilance for additional cases within these communities is essential to determine whether elimination has been sustained. Collaboration between public health authorities and undervaccinated communities is important for preventing outbreaks and limiting transmission. The combination of maintenance of high national vaccination coverage with measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR) and rapid implementation of measles control measures remains the cornerstone for preventing widespread measles transmission (4). |
Primary care physicians' perspectives on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease in adults and a potential RSV vaccine for adults
Hurley LP , Allison MA , Kim L , O'Leary ST , Crane LA , Brtnikova M , Beaty BL , Allen KE , Poser S , Lindley MC , Kempe A . Vaccine 2018 37 (4) 565-570 BACKGROUND: Deaths attributable to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) among adults are estimated to exceed 11,000 annually, and annual adult hospitalizations for influenza and RSV may be comparable. RSV vaccines for older adults are in development. We assessed the following among primary care physicians (PCPs) who treat adults: (1) perception of RSV disease burden; (2) current RSV testing practices; and (3) anticipated barriers to adoption of an RSV vaccine. METHODS: We administered an Internet and mail survey from February to March 2017 to national networks of 930 PCPs. RESULTS: The response rate was 67% (620/930). Forty-nine percent of respondents (n=303) were excluded from analysis as they reported never or rarely caring for an adult patient with possible RSV in the past year. Among respondents who reported taking care of RSV patients (n=317), 73% and 57% responded that in patients>/=50years, influenza is generally more severe than RSV and that they rarely consider RSV as a potential pathogen, respectively. Most (61%) agreed that they do not test for RSV because there is no treatment. The most commonly reported anticipated barriers to a RSV vaccine were potential out-of-pocket expenses for patients if the vaccine is not covered by insurance (93%) and lack of reimbursement for vaccination (74%). CONCLUSIONS: Physicians reported little experience with RSV disease in adults. They are generally not testing for it and the majority believe that influenza disease is more severe. Physicians will require more information about RSV disease burden in adults and the potential need for a vaccine in their adult patients. |
Survey of diagnostic testing for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in adults: Infectious disease physician practices and implications for burden estimates.
Allen KE , Beekmann SE , Polgreen P , Poser S , St Pierre J , Santibanez S , Gerber SI , Kim L . Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2017 92 (3) 206-209 Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) often causes respiratory illness in adults. Over 40 RSV vaccine and monoclonal antibody products are currently in preclinical development or clinical trials. Because RSV diagnostic practices may impact disease burden estimates, we investigated infectious disease physicians' RSV diagnostic practices among their adult patients. |
CDC’s early response to a novel viral disease, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), September 2012-May 2014
Williams HA , Dunville RL , Gerber SI , Erdman DD , Pesik N , Kuhar D , Mason KA , Haynes L , Rotz L , Pierre JS , Poser S , Bunga S , Pallansch MA , Swerdlow DL . Public Health Rep 2015 130 (4) 307-317 The first ever case of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERSCoV) was reported in September 2012. This report describes the approaches taken by CDC, in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO) and other partners, to respond to this novel virus, and outlines the agency responses prior to the first case appearing in the United States in May 2014. During this time, CDC’s response integrated multiple disciplines and was divided into three distinct phases: before, during, and after the initial activation of its Emergency Operations Center. CDC’s response to MERS-CoV required a large effort, deploying at least 353 staff members who worked in the areas of surveillance, laboratory capacity, infection control guidance, and travelers’ health. This response built on CDC’s experience with previous outbreaks of other pathogens and provided useful lessons for future emerging threats. |
First confirmed cases of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in the United States, updated information on the epidemiology of MERS-CoV infection, and guidance for the public, clinicians, and public health authorities - May 2014
Bialek SR , Allen D , Alvarado-Ramy F , Arthur R , Balajee A , Bell D , Best S , Blackmore C , Breakwell L , Cannons A , Brown C , Cetron M , Chea N , Chommanard C , Cohen N , Conover C , Crespo A , Creviston J , Curns AT , Dahl R , Dearth S , DeMaria A , Echols F , Erdman DD , Feikin D , Frias M , Gerber SI , Gulati R , Hale C , Haynes LM , Heberlein-Larson L , Holton K , Ijaz K , Kapoor M , Kohl K , Kuhar DT , Kumar AM , Kundich M , Lippold S , Liu L , Lovchik JC , Madoff L , Martell S , Matthews S , Moore J , Murray LR , Onofrey S , Pallansch MA , Pesik N , Pham H , Pillai S , Pontones P , Poser S , Pringle K , Pritchard S , Rasmussen S , Richards S , Sandoval M , Schneider E , Schuchat A , Sheedy K , Sherin K , Swerdlow DL , Tappero JW , Vernon MO , Watkins S , Watson J . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2014 63 (19) 431-6 Since mid-March 2014, the frequency with which cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection have been reported has increased, with the majority of recent cases reported from Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates (UAE). In addition, the frequency with which travel-associated MERS cases have been reported and the number of countries that have reported them to the World Health Organization (WHO) have also increased. The first case of MERS in the United States, identified in a traveler recently returned from Saudi Arabia, was reported to CDC by the Indiana State Department of Health on May 1, 2014, and confirmed by CDC on May 2. A second imported case of MERS in the United States, identified in a traveler from Saudi Arabia having no connection with the first case, was reported to CDC by the Florida Department of Health on May 11, 2014. The purpose of this report is to alert clinicians, health officials, and others to increase awareness of the need to consider MERS-CoV infection in persons who have recently traveled from countries in or near the Arabian Peninsula. This report summarizes recent epidemiologic information, provides preliminary descriptions of the cases reported from Indiana and Florida, and updates CDC guidance about patient evaluation, home care and isolation, specimen collection, and travel as of May 13, 2014. |
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